A middleware to bridge original actions into derived actions and connect different modules
If you have a Middleware taking care of a small piece in your AppState / AppAction, and another Middleware taking care of a completely different part of your AppState / AppAction, and eventually you want these two middlewares to "exchange" messages, that would mean either:
- change the first Middleware to use a broader AppAction for Input Action, or Output Action, or both; or
- change the second Middleware as said before
- change both (no, please, no...)
- create a Middleware to take care of the "glue" between the previous two.
Although each of these approaches may offer advantages and drawbacks, usually making a middleware taking care of a more broad piece of state or action seems to violate its boundaries, allowing it to handle multiple different domains and breaking its single responsibility. Sometimes this also may involve changing your switch/case for the action to take care of a LOT of different things that are mostly irrelevant for this middleware. If you use "default", then you create a blind spot where relevant actions could be ignored and bugs introduced.
Creating a middleware between them seems to be the most appropriate option, usually. For example, you want to start monitoring your
reachability when your app is in foreground, and stop when your app is in background. The
AppLifecycle Middleware can give you AppLifecycleAction.didBecomeActive, for which you
want to dispatch ReachabilityEvent.startMonitoring on Reachability Middleware. But you
don't control either of these Middlewares, and they operate on completely different generic types, right?
You can use Bridge Middleware exactly in such scenarios, keeping your middlewares isolated from each other, taking care of their own businesses, and these bridges will hold the general business workflow of your app. You can have multiple Bridge Middlewares, and each one can have one or multiple bridges.
static let lifecycleToReachabilityActions: BridgeMiddleware =
BridgeMiddleware()
.bridge(\AppAction.lifecycle?.didBecomeActive >=> AppAction.reachability(.startMonitoring))
.bridge(\AppAction.lifecycle?.didEnterBackground >=> AppAction.reachability(.stopMonitoring))In this example, every time your app becomes active, reachability will start monitoring the internet, and when the app enters background, reachability will stop monitoring. The full example can be seen in the Sources folder of this repository. When running this example, if you watch the logs you're gonna see something like this:
┌─▶ lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.willEnterForeground)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.didBecomeActive)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.startMonitoring)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: Bridged from lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.didBecomeActive) at BridgeLifecycleToReachability.swift, BridgeMiddleware:7
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.connectedToWired)
│ source: ReachabilityMiddleware/ReachabilityMiddleware.swift:21
│ function: reachability
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.becameCheap)
│ source: ReachabilityMiddleware/ReachabilityMiddleware.swift:46
│ function: reachability
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.becameUnconstrained)
│ source: ReachabilityMiddleware/ReachabilityMiddleware.swift:56
│ function: reachability
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.willBecomeInactive)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.didEnterBackground)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.stopMonitoring)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: Bridged from lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.didEnterBackground) at BridgeLifecycleToReachability.swift, BridgeMiddleware:8
└────────────────────
┌─▶ lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.willEnterForeground)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.didBecomeActive)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.startMonitoring)
│ source: AppLifecycleMiddleware/AppLifecycleMiddleware.swift:118
│ function: receiveContext(getState:output:)
│ info: Bridged from lifecycle(AppLifecycleMiddleware.AppLifecycleAction.didBecomeActive) at BridgeLifecycleToReachability.swift, BridgeMiddleware:7
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.connectedToWired)
│ source: ReachabilityMiddleware/ReachabilityMiddleware.swift:21
│ function: reachability
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.becameCheap)
│ source: ReachabilityMiddleware/ReachabilityMiddleware.swift:46
│ function: reachability
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
┌─▶ reachability(ReachabilityMiddleware.ReachabilityEvent.becameUnconstrained)
│ source: ReachabilityMiddleware/ReachabilityMiddleware.swift:56
│ function: reachability
│ info: <nil>
└────────────────────
Under "info" String of your ActionSource, you can see the information about the original action, and the file, line and function that bridged the action. The ActionSource of the new action is kept as the original one, not the bridge, as if the bridge didn't exist. That it's probably better for debugging the flow of a complex app.
You can optionally filter by State, in case you want to dispatch the derived action only when certain state can be observed. There are two options, receiving
a closure such as { getState in getState().qa.theStateOfSomething == .active }, or a KeyPath to a Bool, such as \AppState.qa.isSomethingEnabled. The state
is evaluated AFTER the reducer, so the original action will first mutate the state, then the bridge will evaluate it and either dispatch or not the derived
action according to this predicate.
With closure:
static let lifecycleToReachabilityActions: BridgeMiddleware =
BridgeMiddleware()
.bridge(\AppAction.lifecycle?.didBecomeActive >=> AppAction.reachability(.startMonitoring), when: { $0().settings.reachabilityOptions == .always })
.bridge(\AppAction.lifecycle?.didEnterBackground >=> AppAction.reachability(.stopMonitoring), when: { $0().settings.reachabilityOptions == .always })With KeyPath:
static let lifecycleToReachabilityActions: BridgeMiddleware =
BridgeMiddleware()
.bridge(\AppAction.lifecycle?.didBecomeActive >=> AppAction.reachability(.startMonitoring), when: \.settings.shouldUseReachability)
.bridge(\AppAction.lifecycle?.didEnterBackground >=> AppAction.reachability(.stopMonitoring), when: \.settings.shouldUseReachability)If the original action holds certain value in its enum, you can optionally handover this associated value to the derived action, such as:
BridgeMiddleware()
.bridge(\AppAction.my?.tree?.originalActionThatHasString >=> { handedOverString in AppAction.another(.part(.thisRequiredString(handedOverString))) })To avoid the closure you can use custom operators in Swift, like >>> and <<<, just be sure that your forward/backward composition operator has higher
precedence than the arrow >=>, otherwise you will have to use parentheses.