EIP-1559 - Dynamic Base Fee

[jewei1997]

Describe your changes and provide context

Implementation of a modified version of eip-1559. How it works is on every EndBlock, it will adjust the BaseFee based on the gas used in the current block. The target gas for the block is always half of the total block gas limit. There are 2 major ways our eip-1559 implementation diverges from Ethereum's:

1. We don't burn the base fee. We will treat the base fee the same as the validator tip, so both the base fee and the validator tip will go to the validator of the block
2. How much the base fee goes up or down is adjustable with the MaxDynamicBaseFeeUpwardAdjustment and MaxDynamicBaseFeeDownwardAdjustment parameters. We don't want to just blindly use the 12.5% used by Ethereum because has different block times and block gas limits.

Currently MaxDynamicBaseFeeUpwardAdjustment is set to 5% and MaxDynamicBaseFeeDownwardAdjustment is set to 1%, which means that base fee will go up at most 5% on a completely full block and down 1% on a completely empty block and will go up/down proportionally for everything in between (if block gas used is exactly half full, base fee will remain constant)

Testing performed to validate your change

unit tests
loadtest cluster under load and viewing changing gas prices

[udpatil]

why do we duplicate this effort with the below line?

[jewei1997]

I think this is a mistake--will remove

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 75.65217% with 28 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 61.43%. Comparing base (71711a1) to head (5c0083f).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
x/evm/keeper/fee.go	76.74%	6 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
x/evm/keeper/replay.go	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
evmrpc/info.go	44.44%	5 Missing ⚠️
x/evm/module.go	50.00%	2 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
x/evm/types/params.go	86.36%	2 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
app/eth_replay.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1843      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   61.20%   61.43%   +0.22%     
==========================================
  Files         261      263       +2     
  Lines       23147    23246      +99     
==========================================
+ Hits        14167    14281     +114     
+ Misses       7980     7960      -20     
- Partials     1000     1005       +5     

Flag	Coverage Δ
	61.43% <75.65%> (+0.22%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
app/app.go	66.35% <100.00%> (+0.15%)	⬆️
evmrpc/block.go	73.02% <100.00%> (ø)
evmrpc/simulate.go	64.82% <100.00%> (ø)
x/evm/ante/fee.go	64.00% <100.00%> (ø)
x/evm/keeper/evm.go	68.38% <100.00%> (+0.20%)	⬆️
x/evm/keeper/keeper.go	48.55% <100.00%> (ø)
x/evm/keeper/msg_server.go	70.56% <100.00%> (+0.22%)	⬆️
x/evm/keeper/params.go	75.67% <100.00%> (+2.94%)	⬆️
x/evm/migrations/migrate_eip_1559_params.go	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
x/evm/types/keys.go	23.25% <ø> (ø)
... and 6 more

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes