describe all IdentifierSystems relevant for Trade and Logistics

[VladimirAlexiev]

(Split from #571)
@mkhraisha @nissimsan @rhofvendahl @brownoxford @OR13

I will outline below several ways of capturing identifiers, going from bad to good.
Look at the last way:
I think the Traceability project will add a lot of value if it collects a global register of identifier systems used in trade and logistics

Ambiguous String

This is terrible since it gives no clue about the nature of the identifier:

<naturalGasProduct/1> a :NaturalGasProduct; 
  :identifier "80123456", "56190358290187694", "123456", "56109258249087".

String With Prefix

This is better but it requires a human to google for the different prefixes, and hope to find the correct ones:

<naturalGasProduct/1> a :NaturalGasProduct; 
  :identifier "HSCode:80123456", "GTIN:56190358290187694", "UWI:123456", "GLN:56109258249087".

Structured Value With Prefix

This clearly separates the identifier kind from the identifier value, but still doesn't describe the kind unambiguously.

<naturalGasProduct/1> a :NaturalGasProduct; 
  :identifier <naturalGasProduct/1/id/1>, <naturalGasProduct/1/id/2>, <naturalGasProduct/1/id/3>, <naturalGasProduct/1/id/4>.

<naturalGasProduct/1/id/1> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID "HSCode"; :value "80123456".
<naturalGasProduct/1/id/2> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID "GTIN"; :value "56190358290187694".
<naturalGasProduct/1/id/3> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID "UWI"; :value "123456".
<naturalGasProduct/1/id/4> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID "GLN"; :value "56109258249087".

Structured Value With Structured Kind

This describes the identifier kind unambiguously and provides linked data about it. It is definitely the best approach.

• Following euBusinessGraph (ebg:IdentifierSystem), I use the same class name.
• You will notice I use s:identifier for the abbreviation and s:name for the full name of the identifier system.
• Wikidata, being a hotbed of authority coreferencing, is a great source of identifiers.
• So in this linked data I've added Wikidata prop; links to various sites providing information; and a general topical classification.

@prefix tr: <https://w3id.org/traceability/>.

<naturalGasProduct/1> a :NaturalGasProduct; 
  :identifier <naturalGasProduct/1/id/HScode>, <naturalGasProduct/1/id/GTIN>, <naturalGasProduct/1/id/UWI>, <naturalGasProduct/1/id/GLN>.

<naturalGasProduct/1/id/HScode> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/HSCode>; :value "80123456".
<naturalGasProduct/1/id/GTIN> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/GTIN>; :value "56190358290187694".
<naturalGasProduct/1/id/UWI> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/UWI>; :value "123456".
<naturalGasProduct/1/id/GLN> a :PropertyValue; :propertyID <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/GLN>; :value "56109258249087".

<https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/HSCode> a tr:IdentifierSystem; 
  s:identifier "HSCode"; 
  s:name"Harmonized System code";
  s:alternateName "Customs Tariff Number";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.aspx>;
  s:creator <https://www.wcoomd.org>;
  rdfs:seeAlso
   <https://www.tariffnumber.com/>, 
   <https://www.trade.gov/harmonized-system-hs-codes>,
   <https://www.foreign-trade.com/reference/hscode.htm>,
   <https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/content/harmonised-system-0>.
  tr:wikidata <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5471>;
  s:classification <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/customs>.

<https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/GTIN> a tr:IdentifierSystem; 
  s:identifier "GTIN"; 
  s:name "Global Trade Item Number";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/gtin>;
  s:creator <https://www.gs1.org>;
  rdfs:seeAlso
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Trade_Item_Number>,
    <https://www.gtin.info/>,
    <https://www.gs1uk.org/support-and-training/frequently-asked-questions/what-is-a-gtin>.
  tr:wikidata <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3962>;
  s:classification <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/trade>.

<https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/GLN> a tr:IdentifierSystem; 
  s:identifier "GLN"; 
  s:name "Global Location Number";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/gln>;
  s:creator <https://www.gs1.org>;
  rdfs:seeAlso
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Location_Number>,
    <https://edicomgroup.com/learning-center/gs1/gln>,
    <http://naesb.org/misc/GLN_intro_0612.pdf>,
    <https://internationalbarcodes.com/gln-numbers/>.
  tr:wikidata <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P9860>;
  s:classification <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/trade>.

<https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/UWI> a tr:IdentifierSystem; 
  s:identifier "UWI"; 
  s:name "Unique Well Identifier";
  s:alternateName "API number";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ppdm.org/ppdm/PPDM/IEDS/Well_Identification/PPDM/Well_Identification.aspx>;
  s:creator <https://ppdm.org>;
  rdfs:seeAlso
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_well_number>,
    <https://blog.welldatabase.com/blog/history-of-the-api-number>,
    <https://www.enverus.com/blog/api-number-dead-long-live-us-well-number/>,
    <https://310sign.ca/blog/what-is-a-uwi-unique-well-identifier.html>,
    <https://esd.halliburton.com/support/LSM/Drilling/EDMEDTSuite/OpenWells/5000/5000_1/Help/The_Well_Explorer/UWI/DLS_System.htm>,
    <https://static.aer.ca/prd/documents/applications/UWI-Description.pdf>,
    <https://www.bc-er.ca/files/application-manuals/Oil-and-Gas-Activity-Application-Manual/Supporting-Documents/uniquewellidentifierformat.pdf>,
    <https://www.manitoba.ca/iem/petroleum/reports/uwi.html>,
    <https://seabed.software.slb.com/well/WebHelp/Well_files/Well5.htm>,
    <https://albertawellfinder.com/uwi>;
  tr:wikidata <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4653323>;
  s:classification <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/oilAndGas>.

[VladimirAlexiev]

Eg look at

traceability-vocab/docs/openapi/components/schemas/common/Place.yml

Lines 68 to 74 in 8b5efda

	usPortCode:
	title: US CBP Port Code
	description: CBP Automated Manifest Interface Requirements, Appendix E - Schedule D – U.S. CBP Port Codes. 4 character port code (https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/ACE%20Appendix%20E%20Schedule%20D%20January%202020%20(1).pdf).
	type: string
	$linkedData:
	term: usPortCode
	'@id': https://w3id.org/traceability#usPortCode

It has a lot of details jumbled into one string. More importantly, these details are in JSON schema but not in Linked Data!
It can be better described as follows (I've added couple of schema descriptive props but haven't checked that they actually exist!)

If you want to switch to structured identifiers:

<https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/US/CBP/Port> a tr:IdentifierSystem;
  s:identifier "US/CBP/Port";
  s:name "US CBP Port Code";
  s:description "United States Customs and Border Protection: Port Code";
  skos:definition "CBP Automated Manifest Interface Requirements, Appendix E - Schedule D – U.S. CBP Port Codes. 4 character port code";
  s:creator <https://www.cbp.gov>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/ACE%20Appendix%20E%20Schedule%20D%20January%202020%20(1).pdf>;
  rdfs:seeAlso <https://www.cbp.gov/about/contact/ports>;
  s:classification <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/customs>;
  s:country <https://w3id.org/traceability/country/US>.

If you want to continue using distinct properties for each identifier:

tr:usPortCode a rdf:Property, owl:DataProperty;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf s:identifier;
  rdfs:label "US CBP Port Code";
  rdfs:comment "United States Customs and Border Protection: Port Code";
  skos:definition "CBP Automated Manifest Interface Requirements, Appendix E - Schedule D – U.S. CBP Port Codes. 4 character port code";
  s:creator <https://www.cbp.gov>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/ACE%20Appendix%20E%20Schedule%20D%20January%202020%20(1).pdf)>;
  rdfs:seeAlso <https://www.cbp.gov/about/contact/ports>;
  s:classification <https://w3id.org/traceability/identifier/customs>;
  s:country https://w3id.org/traceability/country/US>.

[OR13]

Agree with your comments.

[mkhraisha]

Agreed with your comments in general, this looks like a very useful change.

[mkhraisha]

Closing as #571 has the action item that will resolve this issue, the solution we'll use is Structured Value With Prefix as outlined in
#944 (comment)